財經零距離 – 11/12/2021
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【市場更新】
1. 周三公布的十月消費者物價指數較預期更為火熱,較去年同期上漲6.2%創下31年來新高。高物價指數引發市場對通貨膨脹的恐懼並帶動週三市場下跌。

(Source: The Daily Shot)
- 與之前消費者物價指數報告不同在於,十月報告顯示物價上漲成為普遍現象。較去年同期上漲超過4%的品項權重創下2007年來新高。

(Source: The Daily Shot)
- 但物價上漲主要仍然肇因於供應鍊緊張,而非強勁的全球需求造成。特別是在去除房租以及汽車相關品項後,消費者物價指數上漲幅度極小。雖然不能排除長期的供應鍊緊張會導致物價持續上漲,但像汽車晶片不足的問題似乎已開始緩解:Toyota宣布將大幅提高2021年剩下兩個月及2022年的汽車產量,有助於降低明年汽車價格上漲的壓力。
- 許多人聽到通貨膨脹就認為債券投資一定不利,但首先如前所述通貨膨脹並非確定發生,另外當三十年前物價上漲與目前水準相當時,引發了經濟成長趨緩,反而導致債券利率下降、價格上升。而之前提到”較去年同期上漲超過4%的品項權重創下2007年來新高”的2007應該吸引了某些人的注意:2007年10月即是股市高點,之後股市以及物價持續下滑,債券則有不俗的表現,2007年10月至2009年3月止,當標普500 ETF下跌47%時,長期公債ETF TLT回報26%,期間回報一度超過40%。
- 除了直覺認為物價上漲一定引發債券下跌外,另一個投資人常見的問題是將有效抗通膨的投資視為是在通膨下長期表現最好的投資,但這兩者截然不同: 有效抗通膨的投資(像是黃金)代表投資人期望其投資表現能優於物價上漲,且能與物價上漲緊密聯動,而黃金也能符合這樣的期待。但相對的,股票市場在通貨膨脹初期雖然會因公司無法迅速反應而表現欠佳,但在調整成本結構及售價後其現金流量往往能夠配合通貨膨脹而上漲,反而是長期通貨膨脹下表現較好的投資。
- 長期投資一個充分分散、包含各類金融資產的投資組合往往已足以達成投資人的投資目標,針對特定情境的投資(例如專注黃金以抗通膨)在一定範圍內也是不錯的選擇。但大部分投資人在新聞媒體大幅報導通貨膨脹下,通常都會有一股衝動想要大幅調整自己的投資組合以配合通貨膨脹的情境將投資獲利最大化,但一來是預想的情境(通貨膨脹)未必發生,再來是受部分人云亦云的「專家」影響,想當然而的預期金融資產的表現,反而遭受更大的損失。
2. Tesla CEO Elon Musk利用推特徵詢大眾意見他是否應該賣出Tesla 10%股票,在多數決議他應該賣出後,Tesla股價大幅下跌。部分媒體臆測他原本即認為Tesla股價高估,且未來數月即將面臨支付公司給予股票選擇權的巨額稅負,所以藉此機會將原本自己想作的決定描述成順從大眾的意見 。而周三時Musk公告出售3% Tesla股票以支付選擇權的扣繳稅款,且部分交易早已於九月時定調。除Tesla外,頗受散戶青睞的AMC CEO也出售自家持股,他早在八月時即已提醒投資人為傳承規劃,他將出售部分持股。
- 公司內部人出售股票以支付公司選擇權薪酬稅負並不罕見,(Musk的推特操作倒是極為罕見)。但Tesla目前的股價無法以任何傳統的估價模式認為可以長期維持,高股價的背後反映的是投資大眾對Musk及未來Tesla「超高成長」的信心。在Musk本人都認為股價過高且極度容易受他一言一行的情況下(而且Musk非常積極博取媒體注意),投資人可以考慮部分獲利了結。
3. Randal Quarles將辭去聯準會的職務,空缺的聯準會理事席位將由拜登總統物色新人選任命。媒體預測金融業將面臨更嚴格的監管(Quarles在過去四年負責銀行監管時採取較寬鬆的形式引發包括Elizabeth Warren在內的民主黨議員不滿)。另一方面,拜登總統得以任命另一席聯準會理事減輕他撤換現任主席Jerome Powell的壓力。同時聯準會的升息速度可能進一步減緩。
【疫情更新】
- 德國連續數天新增確診人數創新高。澳地利總理預期針對未施打疫苗民眾的全國性封鎖恐不可避免。中國北京市要求企業取消所有非必要性集會。香港預計2022年年中才會恢復跨國旅行。
圖片來源:網絡,版權歸原作者
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