財經零距離 – 5/20/2022

Categories: 家族辦公室, 金融時事Published On: May 23rd, 202211.2 min readViews: 25340
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【市場更新】

1.美國的消費數據主宰本週市場,週二公布的四月零售數據亮眼,再加上優於預期的工業生產數據,週二股市上揚。但零售業的業績令市場感到憂慮,零售業巨擘Walmart週二公布的每股獲利低於市場預期,單日股價重挫11%。週三另一零售業龍頭Target公布的營運結果顯示消費者雖然持續消費,但購買消費者非必需品(例如服飾、家居用品)的金額已經減少,而購買民生必需品的金額則因為通膨上升,再加上成本上升等因素,獲利也低於市場預期,Target股價當日下跌25%,是該公司1987年黑色星期一以來最大跌幅。此外,零售業也普遍反映之前囤積存貨過多,未來出清存貨壓力逐漸浮現。

  • 民間消費佔美國GDP的七成,消費數據若持續疲軟將對經濟成長有重大影響: Goldman Sachs前任首席執行長Lloyd Blankfein上週末警告經濟衰退的風險極高,除了零售數據疲軟外,許多信用欠佳的消費者開始延遲支付個人貸款,有可能是經濟衰退的前兆。(提醒第一次看本專欄的讀者,在4/1利差反轉後我們預期在未來18個月將出現經濟衰退。)
  • 經濟衰退不是世界末日: 自1980年以來美國已經歷六次經濟衰退,每一次經濟衰退時人均GDP及標普500指數都會短期下挫之後再創新高(Source: Ycharts)。
  • 經濟衰退的結果受許多因素影響,不要過度一廂情願: 許多人認為中國疫情及俄烏衝突會持續推高物價,而聯準會為控制物價將持續升息,等待著我們的似乎必定是停滯性通膨。我們不排除任何可能性,也必需作好萬全的準備。但疫情也可能好轉受控制,俄烏衝突也可能緩和,最重要的是,只要物價能受控制,聯準會沒有必要依原定的計畫升息。一個完全只為停滯性通膨而設計的投資組合在其他情境下風險是更高的。
  • 沒有人能準確預經濟衰退開始的時間,更無法準確預測市場何時下跌:美國國家經濟研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER)平均在經濟衰退七個月才正式宣布經濟衰退,2007年時甚至長達12 個月(注意這還是在既成事實後追認事實,不是預測)。而經濟衰退前平均六個月股市會自高點下滑,但最短是同時,最長可達12個月。絕對不要相信有人能「精準」的預測進場、出場時機。
  • 長期投資以保守、分散風險為主: 既然不能準確的進場、出場,次佳策略(其實也是現實生活中的最佳策略)就是持續投資市場,但以防禦為主,可以考慮的包括: 現金流、股利穩定的股票、基本面良好的價值股、政府債券。沒提到的不代表不應該持有,而是如果你的投資組合完全沒有上述金融資產,應該要認真考慮投資這些項目。
  • 短期可能會有一個比較好操作的反彈: 市場隨時都會有反彈,但大部分的反彈只持續幾天、沒有明顯的趨勢(像三月底至今的下跌),其實很難操作,只適合把反彈當作賣點。短期內很有可能出現像二月~三月間的反彈: 時間長,有方向性,比較有可能操作獲利。還是提醒大家,這並不是投資建議,在執行任何投資決策前務必諮詢你的專業經理人。

2.中國決定調降房貸利率0.15%, 是兩年以來最大的調降金額,該消息對中國及亞洲股市產生了短期振奮效果,但除了房市外對整體經濟幫助程度有待觀察。

3.美國財政部長Janet Yellen表示美國可能在5/25後不再豁免俄羅斯對美國債券投資人的付款,屆時俄羅斯公債可能違約。

【疫情更新】

中國新增確診數趨緩,但部分城市仍採取嚴格的管制、清零政策。美國每日確診人數較之前增加。

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